It's the first time that the material, which is known as a nickelate, has demonstrated the potential to form a new family of unconventional superconductors that's very similar to the copper oxides, or cuprates, that have raised hopes that superconductors could someday operate at close to room temperature and revolutionise electronic devices, power transmission and other technologies.
Scientists are now wondering whether these similarities mean that nickelates could also superconduct at relatively high temperatures.
While similar to cuprates the new material could have a number of differences and may not contain a type of magnetism that all the superconducting cuprates have - and this could overturn leading theories of how these unconventional superconductors work.
The experiments were led by Danfeng Li, a postdoctoral researcher with the Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences at SLAC.
"This is a very important discovery that requires us to rethink the details of the electronic structure and possible mechanisms of superconductivity in these materials," said George Sawatzky, a professor of physics and chemistry at the University of British Columbia. Commenting on the research he said. "This is going to cause an awful lot of people to jump into investigating this new class of materials, and all sorts of experimental and theoretical work will be done."
Ever since the cuprate superconductors were discovered, scientists have dreamed of making similar oxide materials based on nickel, which is right next to copper on the periodic table of the elements.
But making nickelates with an atomic structure that's conducive to superconductivity turned out to be unexpectedly hard.
Li started with a perovskite - a material defined by its unique, double-pyramid atomic structure - that contained neodymium, nickel and oxygen. Then he doped the perovskite by adding strontium; this is a common process that adds chemicals to a material to make more of its electrons flow freely.
This stole electrons away from nickel atoms, leaving vacant "holes," and the nickel atoms were not happy about it, Li said. The material was now unstable, making the next step - growing a thin film of it on a surface - really challenging; it took him half a year to get it to work.
Once that was done, Li cut the film into tiny pieces, loosely wrapped it in aluminium foil and sealed it in a test tube with a chemical that neatly snatched away a layer of its oxygen atoms - much like removing a stick from a wobbly tower of Jenga blocks. This flipped the film into an entirely new atomic structure - a strontium-doped nickelate.
"Each of these steps had been demonstrated before," Li said, "but not in this combination."
Further testing revealed that the nickelate was superconducting in a temperature range from 9-15 kelvins, but with possibilities of higher temperatures ahead.
Research on the new material is in a "very early stage, and there's a lot of work ahead," cautioned Harold Hwang, a SIMES investigator, professor at SLAC and Stanford and senior author of the report. "We have just seen the first basic experiments, and now we need to do the whole battery of investigations that are still going on with cuprates."
Among other things, he said, scientists will want to dope the nickelate material in various ways to see how this affects its superconductivity across a range of temperatures, and determine whether other nickelates can become superconducting.
Other studies will explore the material's magnetic structure and its relationship to superconductivity.
